Data Sources & Attribution
Water Survey of Canada
Streamflow and water level: real-time readings from the Water Survey of Canada (read directly, or for Ontario stations through the Ontario Surface Water Monitoring Centre's KiWIS service), and the approved historical archive (HYDAT), under the Open Government Licence — Canada
Open Government Licence — Canada
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada
Environment and Climate Change Canada
Weather forecasts (HRDPS, GDPS) and precipitation analyses (HRDPA/CaPA) that drive the models, licensed under the ECCC Data Servers End-use Licence
ECCC Data Servers End-use Licence
Meteorological Service of Canada: HRDPS, GDPS, HRDPA/CaPA
Ontario Surface Water Monitoring Centre
Provincial streamflow and water level, and the stations FlowAi reads through its KiWIS service. Contains information provided by the Ontario Surface Water Monitoring Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources.
SWMC WISKI WebPortal (terms of use)
Source: Ministry of Natural Resources
Grand River Conservation Authority
Dam release (flow) and reservoir level behind the derived natural inflow of the Grand River reservoirs. Contains Information made available under Grand River Conservation Authority's Open Data Licence v2.0.
Provisional data
Upper Thames River CA and partners
Reservoir release (flow) and level from the Western Ontario data hub (Collaborative Water Data Viewer), behind derived natural inflow. Contains information from the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority and partner conservation authorities (Western Ontario data hub).
Provisional data
Quinte Conservation and Mississippi Valley CA
Reservoir series from Quinte Conservation's water data service, behind derived natural inflow. Contains information from Quinte Conservation. Contains information from Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority.
Provisional data
U.S. Geological Survey
Border stations carried by the Ontario Surface Water Monitoring Centre. Includes data from the U.S. Geological Survey.
US federal data, public domain
Copernicus Climate Change Service
Observed basin temperature: Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026 (ERA5 reanalysis). Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
Source: ECMWF ERA5 via the Copernicus Climate Data Store
Land Information Ontario
Municipal boundaries, roads and named watercourses in affected areas and reports. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Ontario.
Open Government Licence – Ontario
Source: Government of Ontario
GeoNames and Statistics Canada
The town a gauge is listed near, and the province or territory it is in. Place names from GeoNames (geonames.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Province and territory boundaries from Statistics Canada's 2021 Census boundary files, under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
Looked up by FlowAi from the gauge's coordinates
Basin outlines
Basin outlines derived from the BasinMaker North American Lake-River Routing Product v2.1 (Han et al., University of Waterloo), based on MERIT Hydro (Yamazaki et al., 2019) and HydroLAKES (Messager et al., 2016, CC BY 4.0).
Delineated by FlowAi
OpenStreetMap and Protomaps
The basemap: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), served from a Protomaps build. Printed maps name openstreetmap.org/copyright.
Open Database License (ODbL)
Raven Hydrological Modelling Framework
Forecasts generated using Raven (raven.uwaterloo.ca)
Licensed under the Artistic License 2.0
Attribution statements
If you publish data from these sources, include its statement.
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC / MSC) and Water Survey of Canada (WSC)
Data Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada (Water Survey of Canada; Meteorological Service of Canada: HRDPS, GDPS, HRDPA/CaPA). Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada and the Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence.
Ontario Surface Water Monitoring Centre (SWMC)
Contains information provided by the Ontario Surface Water Monitoring Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources.
Grand River Conservation Authority (GRCA)
Contains Information made available under Grand River Conservation Authority's Open Data Licence v2.0.
Upper Thames River Conservation Authority and partners (Western Ontario data hub)
Contains information from the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority and partner conservation authorities (Western Ontario data hub).
Quinte Conservation
Contains information from Quinte Conservation.
Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority (MVCA)
Contains information from Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Includes data from the U.S. Geological Survey.
Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
Ontario layers (Land Information Ontario)
Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Ontario.
Place names and provinces (GeoNames, Statistics Canada)
Place names from GeoNames (geonames.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census boundary files).
Basin outlines
Basin outlines derived from the BasinMaker North American Lake-River Routing Product v2.1 (Han et al., University of Waterloo), based on MERIT Hydro (Yamazaki et al., 2019) and HydroLAKES (Messager et al., 2016, CC BY 4.0).
Map data
© OpenStreetMap contributors. Map data: OpenStreetMap (ODbL). Basemap tiles by Protomaps.
Model software
Forecasts use the Raven Hydrological Modelling Framework (University of Waterloo), used under its open-source licence.
FlowAi adds value to publicly available data through proprietary modelling, calibration, machine learning post-processing, and AI-generated analysis. The raw underlying government data may be freely obtained from its original sources.